Glossary of Terms
A
- absorbent
- absorption
- acid
- acidity
- acre-foot
- activated alumina
- activated carbon
- activated silica
- adsorbent
- adsorption
- aeration
- aerobic
- aggregate
- air check
- air gap
- air stripping
- algae
- alkali
- alkalinity
- alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS)
- alum
- amoeba
- anaerobic
- anaerobic organism
- angstrom unit
- anion
- anion exchange
- anode
- aquifer
- artesian (aquifer or well)
- atom
- attrition
- automatic water softener (or automatic filter)
B
- back-flow preventer
- backflow
- backwash
- bacteria
- bacteriostatic
- base
- base exchange
- batch
- batch treatment
- bay salt
- bed
- bed depth
- bed expansion
- bicarbonate alkalinity
- biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
- biodegradable
- BIRM
- bleach
- blowdown
- BOD
- bonnet
- bored well
- brackish water
- breakpoint chlorination
- breakthrough
- bridging
- brine
- buffer
- builder
- bypass
C
- calcite
- calcium (Ca)
- calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- calcium carbonate equivalent
- calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2]
- capacity
- capacity curve (ion exchange)
- capillary action
- carbon chloroform extract (CCE)
- carbon dioxide (CO2)
- carbonaceous
- carbonaceous exchanger
- carbonate
- carbonate alkalinity
- carbonate hardness
- carboxylic
- carcinogen
- carcinogenic
- cartridge
- cartridge filter
- cathode
- cathodic protection
- cation
- cation exchange
- cation exchange resin
- caustic
- caustic soda
- CCE
- channeling
- charcoal
- check valve
- chelate
- chelating agent
- chemical stability
- chloramines
- chlorination
- chlorinator
- chlorine (Cl2)
- chlorine demand
- clear water iron
- coagulant
- coagulant aid
- coagulation
- COD
- coliform bacteria
- collector
- colloid
- colony-forming units (cfu)
- color
- color throw
- column operation
- combined available residual chlorine
- compensated hardness
- composite sample
- conductance
- conductivity
- connate water
- contained bed
- contaminant
- contamination
- corrosion
- Crenothrix polyspora
- cross connection
- cross-sectional area
- Cryptosporidium
- cube
- cubic foot
- cycle
D
- D.I. or DI
- dechlorination
- deionization
- demineralization
- density
- depth filtration
- detergent
- dialysis
- diaphragm pump
- diatomaceous earth
- diatomite
- dielectric fitting
- differential pressure
- digestion
- disinfection
- dissociation
- dissolved solids
- distillation
- distributor
- dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]
- down-flow
- drain
- drain line
- driven well
- dug well
E
F
- FAC
- fecal matter
- ferric iron
- ferrous iron
- filter
- filter area
- filter media
- Filter-Ag
- filtrate
- fines
- fixture
- fixture unit
- floc
- flocculation
- flow control
- flow rate
- fluoridation
- flush tank
- flush valve (flushometer)
- FMA
- fouling
- free available (residual) chlorine (FAC)
- free carbon dioxide
- free chlorine
- free mineral acidity (FMA)
- freeboard
G
H
- H2O
- hard water
- hardness
- head
- head loss
- heavy metals
- heterotrophic plate count (HPC)
- high-test hypochlorite
- hydration
- hydraulic
- hydraulic classification
- hydrogen cycle
- hydrogen ion concentration
- hydrogen sulfide
- hydrologic cycle
- hydrolysis
- hydropneumatic system
- hydrostatic test
- hydroxide
- hypochlorite
- hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
I
L
M
- magnesium (Mg)
- manganese (Mn)
- manganese greensand
- manganese zeolite
- maximum contaminant level (MCL)
- MCL
- mechanical filter
- media
- medium
- Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE)
- mg/L
- micrometer
- micron
- micron rating
- mil
- milli
- milligram per liter (mg/L)
- millimicron
- mineral
- mineral acidity
- mole
- molecule
- most probable number (MPN)
- MPN
- MTBE
- mushing
N
P
- P alkalinity
- P.E.
- packed bed
- particle size
- parts per billion (ppb)
- parts per million (ppm)
- pathogens
- percentage values
- peristaltic pump
- permanent hardness
- permanganate
- pH
- phosphate
- physical stability
- pK
- pneumatic tank
- POE
- point-of-entry (POE) treatment
- point-of-use (POU) treatment
- polyvinyl chloride
- population equivalent
- porosity
- portable exchange (PE) tanks
- positive charge
- post-chlorination
- potable (drinking) water
- potassium chloride (KCl)
- potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
- POU
- ppb
- ppm
- ppt
- pre-chlorination
- precipitate
- precoat
- pressure control
- pressure differential
- pressure drop
- psi
- psig
- public water system
- PVC
R
- R. O.
- radon (Rn)
- rated capacity
- rated in-service life
- rated pressure drop
- rated service flow
- rated softener capacity
- raw water
- recovery
- red water
- reduction
- regenerant
- regeneration
- regeneration level
- rejection
- reserve capacity
- residual
- residual chlorine
- resin
- resin cleaner
- resistance
- resistivity
- reverse deionization
- reverse osmosis (R.O.)
- rinse
- rust remover
S
- sacrificial anode
- Safe Drinking Water Act
- saline water
- salt
- salt mushing
- sanitize
- scale
- sedimentation
- semi-permeable membrane
- septic
- sequestering agent
- sequestration
- service run
- service unit
- shielded
- silica gel or siliceous gel
- sludge
- slug
- soap
- soap curd
- soda ash (Na2CO3)
- sodium (Na+)
- sodium chloride (NaCl)
- sodium cycle
- sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4)
- sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
- soft water
- softened water
- solar salt
- solenoid shutoff valve
- solute
- solution feeder
- solvent
- specific conductance
- specific gravity
- specific resistance
- sphericity
- spore
- stability index
- Standard Methods
- static
- static system
- sterilization
- sulfate-reducing bacteria
- sulfonic acid (-SO2OH)
- sulfur (S)
- superchlorination
- supernatant
- surface tension
- surface-active agent
- surfactant
- suspended solids
- swelling
- syndet
- synthetic detergent
T
- tannins
- TCE
- TDS
- TDS Creep
- temporary hardness
- threshold
- throughput volume
- titrate
- titration
- total acidity
- total alkalinity
- total chlorine
- total dissolved solids (TDS)
- total hardness (TH)
- total solids (TS)
- toxic
- trace substance (or trace)
- transpiration
- trichloroethylene (TCE)
- TS
- tuberculation
- turbidity
- turbulent flow (turbulence)